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Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a synthetic polymer widely utilized in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. Due to its chemical stability and durability, PET accumulates in the environment, contributing significantly to plastic pollution. It comprises repeating units of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, resulting in a semi-crystalline structure that is resistant to natural degradation processes.A notable breakthrough in plastic biodegradation came with the...
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Biodegradable Levan/Chitosan Composite Films: Development and Application in Beef Filet Packaging.

Anissa Haddar1,2, Emna Sellami1, Oumayma Bouazizi1

  • 1Laboratory of Plants Improvement and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.

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Summary

Biodegradable levan-chitosan films were developed for beef packaging. The L25:C75 formulation showed excellent mechanical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties, extending beef filet shelf life and reducing bacterial growth.

Keywords:
antibacterial activitybiodegradable filmchitosanlevanwater solubility

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Food Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional food packaging materials like Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) contribute to environmental pollution.
  • There is a growing need for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives in food packaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize biodegradable levan-chitosan composite films for beef filet packaging.
  • To optimize film formulations for enhanced functional properties and food preservation efficacy.
  • To evaluate the biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of the developed films.

Main Methods:

  • Composite films were prepared using solution casting with varying levan-chitosan ratios and glycerol as a plasticizer.
  • Functional properties were assessed through mechanical testing (tensile strength, elongation at break), water solubility, FTIR analysis, antioxidant activity assays (ABTS•+ inhibition), and antibacterial testing against E. coli and S. aureus.
  • The efficacy of the best-performing film (L25:C75) was evaluated on beef filet packaging under refrigeration, comparing bacterial counts to LDPE packaging.
  • Biodegradability was assessed by monitoring soil degradation rates.

Main Results:

  • The L25:C75 formulation demonstrated optimal mechanical properties (tensile strength: 15.43 MPa, elongation at break: 35.37%) and high water solubility (46.64%).
  • FTIR confirmed successful integration and intermolecular interactions between levan and chitosan.
  • The films exhibited significant antioxidant activity (91% ABTS•+ inhibition) and broad-spectrum antibacterial effects.
  • Application on beef filets reduced total viable bacterial counts by 1.8 log CFU/g compared to LDPE packaging after 7 days at 4 °C.
  • Films with higher levan content (L75:C25) showed good biodegradability, with 68% degradation in soil after 14 days.

Conclusions:

  • Levan-chitosan composite films, particularly the L25:C75 formulation, show significant promise as active and biodegradable packaging materials for extending the shelf life of beef filets.
  • These films offer a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, addressing both food preservation needs and environmental concerns.