Variability in Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter Retrieval Rates and Adherence to Guidelines: A Multi-Center...

Background/Objectives: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with contraindications to anticoagulation, among other indications. Despite clinical guidelines recommending timely retrieval, rates remain suboptimal, raising concerns about long-term complications. This study examines national hospital-level variation in IVC filter retrieval rates and adherence to timing recommendations. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 12,197 patients across 158 U.S. facilities between 1 January 2020, and 29 August 2024. Retrieval rates, time to retrieval, and associations with facility-specific factors such as procedural volume and academic affiliation were evaluated using descriptive statistics and correlation analyses. Results: Facility retrieval rates varied widely, ranging from 0.36% to 100%, with a mean of 23% (SD 24%). Only 43% (SD 12%) of filters were retrieved within 90 days, as recommended. A weak negative correlation was observed between retrieval rate and procedure volume (r = -0.24), as well as patient age (r = -0.17). Several high-volume facilities showed potential guideline non-adherence, placing many filters but retrieving few. No significant differences were found between academic and non-academic institutions in retrieval rate or timing. Conclusions: Substantial variability exists in IVC filter retrieval practices, and many facilities fall short of timely removal benchmarks. These findings highlight the need for targeted quality improvement initiatives to increase retrieval adherence, reduce filter-related complications, and improve patient outcomes.