Nutrition and Diet Patterns as Key Modulators of Metabolic Reprogramming in Melanoma Immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with advances in immunotherapy.
• Many patients do not respond to or develop resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
• Adjunct strategies are needed to improve treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate how dietary patterns and metabolites affect melanoma metabolism and immunotherapy.
• To emphasize the translational implications of these findings.

Main Methods:

• An integrative review of preclinical and clinical studies on dietary interventions in melanoma.
• Analysis of studies on nutrient transport, immunometabolism, and microbiome-immune interactions.
• Inclusion of data from ongoing nutritional clinical trials.

Main Results:

• Diets rich in fiber, polyphenols, and unsaturated lipids may enhance anti-tumor CD8+ T-cell activity.
• Fasting-mimicking and methionine-restricted diets impact T-cell fitness and tumor vulnerability.
• High fiber intake correlates with improved gut microbiota and ICI efficacy; excess protein/carbs impair immune surveillance.

Conclusions:

• Dietary interventions can reprogram melanoma metabolism and reshape the tumor-immune-microbiome axis.
• Combining dietary strategies with AI-driven nutrient-protein mapping offers a precision nutrition paradigm.
• This approach can enhance and consolidate current melanoma immunotherapy strategies.