Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical features of secondary BPPV: A nation-wide multicenter study.

Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation·2025
Same author

The Relationship Between Zonulin and Asthma: A Mouse Model Study.

Journal of rhinology : official journal of the Korean Rhinologic Society·2024
Same author

Bacteriophages targeting Enterococcus faecalis enhance the therapeutic efficacy of levodopa in an MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model with E. faecalis gut colonization.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Role of gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peripheral TLR4 in immobilization stress-induced itch aggravation in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Application of the Barany Society's Presbyvestibulopathy Criteria in Older Adults With Chronic Dizziness.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2023
Same author

A Comparative Study Using Vestibular Mapping in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss With and Without Vertigo.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

13.4K

Low-Dose Intratympanic Gentamicin Injections for Intractable Meniere's Disease: How Many Are Optimal?

Joon-Pyo Hong1,2, Hayoung Byun1, Min-Beom Kim1,3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

For intractable Meniere

Keywords:
Meniere’s diseasedizzinessgentamicin

More Related Videos

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus
06:55

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

Published on: February 27, 2018

8.8K
Endolymphatic Duct Blockage as a Surgical Treatment Option for Ménière's Disease
04:11

Endolymphatic Duct Blockage as a Surgical Treatment Option for Ménière's Disease

Published on: April 28, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection

Published on: March 8, 2017

13.4K
A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus
06:55

A Surgical Procedure for the Administration of Drugs to the Inner Ear in a Non-Human Primate Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus

Published on: February 27, 2018

8.8K
Endolymphatic Duct Blockage as a Surgical Treatment Option for Ménière's Disease
04:11

Endolymphatic Duct Blockage as a Surgical Treatment Option for Ménière's Disease

Published on: April 28, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Meniere's disease (MD) presents challenges in managing intractable vertigo.
  • Low-dose intratympanic gentamicin injection (ITGM) is a treatment option for MD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare outcomes of single versus multiple low-dose ITGM for intractable MD.
  • To determine the optimal number of ITGM repetitions for vertigo control and hearing preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 33 patients with definite MD treated with low-dose ITGM (2015-2020).
  • Patients divided into single injection (n=14) and multiple injection (n=19) groups.
  • Audiometry, caloric tests, and video head impulse tests (vHIT) assessed at ITGM repetitions.

Main Results:

  • First ITGM reduced caloric responses and vHIT gains in both groups without hearing loss.
  • A second ITGM improved vertigo and vestibular function in 8/19 patients.
  • Third and fourth ITGM showed no additional benefit, with hearing deterioration observed in the multiple injection group.

Conclusions:

  • Up to two low-dose ITGM procedures may be beneficial for recurrent or poorly responsive MD.
  • Consider alternative therapies after two ITGM if vertigo persists, to preserve hearing.