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  1. Home
  2. Scalar-on-function Mode Estimation Using Entropy And Ergodic Properties Of Functional Time Series Data.
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  2. Scalar-on-function Mode Estimation Using Entropy And Ergodic Properties Of Functional Time Series Data.

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Scalar-on-Function Mode Estimation Using Entropy and Ergodic Properties of Functional Time Series Data.

Mohammed B Alamari1, Fatimah A Almulhim2, Ibrahim M Almanjahie1

  • 1Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62223, Saudi Arabia.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new recursive L1 estimator for conditional mode in pseudo-metric spaces, offering a robust alternative to mixing processes. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance in simulations and real-world data analysis.

Keywords:
L 1 -modal regressioncomplete consistencyconditional modeergodic datafunctional datanonparametric predictionquantile regressionrecursive estimate

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Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Time Series Analysis
  • Functional Data Analysis

Background:

  • Standard estimators for conditional mode often rely on mixing processes, which can be mathematically complex.
  • Ergodicity offers a more tractable assumption, characterized by Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, reflecting process dynamics and fluctuations.
  • Functional time series (fts) present unique challenges due to their complex mathematical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a novel recursive L1 estimator for the conditional mode.
  • To investigate the estimator's properties when the input variable is in a pseudo-metric space.
  • To provide a robust alternative to existing methods using an ergodicity assumption.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a recursive L1 estimator under an ergodicity assumption for functional time series.
  • Derivation of asymptotic properties, including convergence rate and Borel-Cantelli (BC) consistency.
  • Specialization of convergence rates to independent cases, kernel methods, and vector-valued scenarios.
  • Main Results:

    • The proposed recursive L1 estimator is shown to be asymptotically consistent (BC consistent).
    • Specific convergence rates are derived for various functional time series settings.
    • Numerical experiments confirm the estimator's superiority over existing methods.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel recursive L1 estimator provides a robust and effective approach for conditional mode estimation in pseudo-metric spaces.
    • Ergodicity offers a practical and mathematically sound alternative to mixing assumptions in functional time series analysis.
    • The estimator's strong performance on simulated and real data validates its utility.