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Entropy Generation Optimization in Multidomain Systems: A Generalized Gouy-Stodola Theorem and Optimal Control
Hanz Richter1, Meysam Fathizadeh1, Tyler Kaptain1
1Mechanical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2025
Summary
This study extends the second law of thermodynamics for power conversion optimization in multidomain systems. Minimizing entropy generation in electromechanical systems is shown to be analogous to maximum power transfer.
Area of Science:
- Thermodynamics
- Control Theory
- Power Systems Engineering
Background:
- The second law of thermodynamics governs energy conversion efficiency.
- Classical theorems like Gouy-Stodola apply to specific systems.
- Multidomain systems present challenges for traditional thermodynamic analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To generalize the Gouy-Stodola theorem for broader applicability.
- To optimize power conversion in multidomain systems.
- To investigate entropy generation minimization for enhanced performance.
Main Methods:
- Derivation of a generalized, domain-independent Gouy-Stodola theorem.
- Formulation of an optimal control problem for electromechanical systems.
- Analysis of energy cyclodirectionality and Clausius postulate satisfaction.
- Comparison with direct loss minimization using simulations.
Main Results:
- A generalized Gouy-Stodola theorem in inequality form was established.
- Average entropy generation and lost work metrics were defined for multidomain systems.
- Closed-form solutions for power transfer and energy harvesting were obtained.
- Entropy generation minimization was found equivalent to maximum power transfer.
Conclusions:
- The generalized theorem provides a framework for analyzing complex systems.
- Optimal control strategies based on entropy minimization ensure stability and practicality.
- The approach offers a robust method for power conversion optimization.
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