Low Vision Rehabilitation and Eye Exercises: A Comprehensive Guide to Tertiary Prevention of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. While medical treatments like retinal laser photocoagulation, anti-VEGF therapy, and vitrectomy are primary, complementary therapies are gaining increasing attention. Based on the existing literature, a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, stress management techniques, and regular physical activity targeting DR, can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve overall physical and mental health to reduce complications. This article explores physical activities and visual training methods related to DR, emphasizing complementary therapies, even though some of these practices are currently not fully integrated into evidence-based ophthalmology. Low vision exercises and aids help patients make the most of their remaining vision, improving their ability to perform everyday tasks, reducing the impact of vision loss, and promoting independence. There is some evidence that eye-related physiotherapy can improve the quality of life for patients with DR, although selection bias cannot be excluded in the presented studies. Consistent physical activity promotes holistic health, and therapies should be regularly monitored by ophthalmologists. This review further helps integrative healthcare professionals in offering appropriate therapies for rehabilitation purposes in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, particularly DR.