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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
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Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Neuropathic Pain Signaling.

Ricardo Felix1, Alejandra Corzo-Lopez2, Alejandro Sandoval2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Neuropathic pain involves altered voltage-gated ion channels (NaV, CaV, KV). Targeting these channels with new drugs offers promising therapeutic strategies for chronic pain relief.

Keywords:
CaV channelsKV channelsNaV channelsPROTACscalcium channelsneuropathic painpotassium channelssodium channelsvoltage-gated ion channels

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Neuropathic pain is a prevalent, debilitating somatosensory disorder.
  • It is characterized by hypersensitivity to stimuli, including hyperalgesia and allodynia.
  • Voltage-gated ion channels (NaV, CaV, KV) are critical in pain signal transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the molecular and cellular mechanisms of voltage-gated ion channel dysregulation in neuropathic pain.
  • To highlight the roles of specific sodium (NaV1.7, NaV1.8), calcium (CaV2.2, CaVα2δ), and potassium (KV7) channels.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these channels for neuropathic pain treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of specific ion channel subtypes and their auxiliary subunits.
  • Discussion of recent advances in small molecule modulators and inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Dysregulation of NaV channels (NaV1.7, NaV1.8) contributes to aberrant neuronal activity and sensitization.
  • Overexpression of CaV channels (CaV2.2, CaVα2δ) enhances neuronal hyperexcitability and pain persistence.
  • Impaired KV7 channel function facilitates neuropathic pain development and maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific voltage-gated ion channels presents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain.
  • Selective modulators and inhibitors show improved efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Further research and drug development can lead to more effective, mechanism-based treatments for neuropathic pain.