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Extraction of Yucca schidigera with deep eutectic solvents: bromatological, antioxidant, and antibacterial analysis
Ana C Hernández-Cruz1, Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza2, Gloria G Morales-Figueroa1
1Division of Nutrition, Centro de investigación en alimentación y Desarrollo A.C, Hermosillo, Mexico.
Abstract:
Infections caused by Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes are linked to contaminated food or water, while antibiotic resistance limits treatment options. Plant extracts are considered potential alternatives, and deep eutectic solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents (DES and NADES) offer a sustainable approach to metabolite extraction. Yucca schidigera powder was extracted using butanol (YSBE) and a NADES composed of choline chloride and lactic acid at a 1:1 molar ratio (YS-NADES). Bromatological composition, saponin content, total phenols and flavonoids, emulsifying and foaming capacities, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties were analyzed. YSBE contained 25.43% saponins, while YS-NADES had 0.093%. YSBE had higher protein (0.73%) and carbohydrate (77.5%) content than YS-NADES (0.03% and 0.95%, respectively). Antioxidant activity (DPPH, TEAC, ORAC) was significantly higher in YSBE than in YS-NADES. Phenol and flavonoid concentrations were also greater in YSBE. E. coli showed less sensitivity to both extracts than S. Typhimurium, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes, while S. Typhimurium was less sensitive to YS-NADES. This study provides insights into the bromatological composition, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial properties of Y. schidigera extracted with NADES, highlighting its potential applications.
Insights
Yucca schidigera extracts were compared for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Butanol extract showed higher saponin, phenol, and flavonoid content, and greater antioxidant and antibacterial activity against common foodborne pathogens.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Microbiology
Background:
- Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating alternative antimicrobial strategies.
- Plant-derived compounds offer potential solutions, with deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) providing sustainable extraction methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the bromatological composition, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial properties of Yucca schidigera extracts obtained using butanol and a NADES.
- To compare the efficacy of Yucca schidigera butanol extract (YSBE) and Yucca schidigera natural deep eutectic solvent extract (YS-NADES) against foodborne pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Yucca schidigera powder was extracted using butanol (YSBE) and a NADES (choline chloride:lactic acid, 1:1 molar ratio) (YS-NADES).
- Analysis included bromatological composition, saponin, total phenol, and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH, TEAC, ORAC), and antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes.
Main Results:
- YSBE exhibited significantly higher saponin (25.43% vs 0.093%), protein (0.73% vs 0.03%), carbohydrate (77.5% vs 0.95%), total phenol, and flavonoid content compared to YS-NADES.
- YSBE demonstrated superior antioxidant activity and broader antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium than YS-NADES.
- E. coli showed lower sensitivity to both extracts, while S. Typhimurium was less sensitive to YS-NADES.
Conclusions:
- Yucca schidigera extracted with butanol is a richer source of bioactive compounds with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties compared to NADES extraction.
- These findings highlight the potential of YSBE as a natural antimicrobial agent for food applications, warranting further investigation into its specific mechanisms and applications.
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