Delayed Zinc Phosphide Toxicosis in a Dog.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Toxicology
• Small Animal Internal Medicine
• Emergency and Critical Care

Background:

• Zinc phosphide is a common rodenticide with limited detailed veterinary literature on its toxic effects.
• Understanding zinc phosphide toxicosis is essential for effective clinical management in companion animals.

Observation:

• A 5-year-old Wolfhound mix ingested zinc phosphide, presenting with gastrointestinal signs and mild hyperlactatemia.
• The dog developed seizures, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ultimately acute hepatic failure despite aggressive treatment.
• Despite initial decontamination attempts, the dog's condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to euthanasia due to refractory hypotension and liver failure.

Findings:

• This case report details the first confirmed instance of zinc phosphide toxidrome leading to acute liver failure in a dog.
• The clinical progression highlights the potential for severe systemic effects beyond initial gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Despite treatment with maropitant, esomeprazole, sodium lactate, diazepam, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin K, and N-acetylcysteine, the outcome was fatal.

Implications:

• Aggressive monitoring and treatment are vital for dogs suspected of zinc phosphide ingestion, regardless of initial presentation.
• This case underscores the need for increased awareness and detailed reporting of zinc phosphide toxicosis in veterinary medicine.
• Veterinarians should consider aggressive supportive care and early intervention for potential zinc phosphide exposures.