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Invasive plants decrease arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and promote generalist fungal partners.

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Exotic plant invasion reduces arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity and favors generalist fungi. Invasion extent, not root traits, drives these changes, emphasizing the need to protect belowground biodiversity.

Keywords:
AMFexotic plantsinvasion biologyplant invasionroot diameterroot traits

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Exotic plant invasions threaten global biodiversity.
  • Belowground mutualisms, like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associations, can influence invasion success.
  • Previous research on plant invasion impacts on AMF communities yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the extent of exotic plant dominance affects AMF diversity, composition, and generalism.
  • To determine if plant root traits, specifically root diameter, explain or moderate these impacts.
  • To assess these effects at both individual plant and community levels.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental plant communities were established with varying degrees of exotic plant dominance (0%–100%).
  • Root traits (root diameter) and AMF communities were characterized in both native and exotic plants.
  • AMF diversity, composition, and generalism were analyzed in relation to invasion extent and root traits.

Main Results:

  • Increased exotic dominance led to decreased AMF diversity in both individual plant roots and the overall plant community.
  • Plant communities with higher exotic dominance showed a greater relative abundance of generalist AMF.
  • Root diameter influenced AMF composition but did not mediate or drive the effects of exotic plant invasion.

Conclusions:

  • The extent of exotic plant invasion is a critical factor influencing belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities.
  • Invasion reduces AMF diversity and promotes generalist fungi, irrespective of root diameter.
  • Conserving belowground biodiversity is crucial in the context of exotic plant invasions.