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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications01:28

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Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...
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Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring01:25

Errors occurring during blood pressure monitoring

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Blood pressure monitoring is a crucial clinical procedure in diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions. Despite its significance, the accuracy of blood pressure measurements can be compromised by multiple factors, potentially leading to either falsely high or low readings. These inaccuracies are critical as they can significantly impact patient care. So, it is vital to understand these challenges deeply and adopt strategic approaches to minimize errors.
Several factors...
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Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
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Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

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Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
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Benefit and Harm of Intensive Blood Pressure Control by Cardiovascular Risk.

Xilan Dong1, Qianhui Ling2, Xueyan Zhao3

  • 1Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.D., Q.S.).

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensive blood pressure control offers greater cardiovascular benefits for higher-risk patients, even with increased harms. The overall benefit of intensive treatment outweighs the harm across all cardiovascular disease risk levels.

Keywords:
blood pressurecardiovascular diseasesfollow-up studiesheart disease risk factorshypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Management
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Current blood pressure treatment guidelines stratify care by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • The specific impact of CVD risk on the benefits and harms of intensive blood pressure control is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the cardiovascular benefits and treatment-related adverse events of intensive blood pressure control.
  • To assess these outcomes across different levels of CVD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 8262 patients from the STEP trial, stratified by baseline 10-year CVD risk tertiles.
  • Utilized Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models to analyze outcome events and predict benefits/harms.

Main Results:

  • Intensive treatment lowered primary outcomes across all risk tertiles (overall HR, 0.76).
  • Adverse events increased slightly with intensive treatment (HR, 1.1).
  • Higher CVD risk correlated with greater absolute risk reduction and increased adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Increased CVD risk is associated with greater benefits and harms from intensive blood pressure control.
  • Despite variations in benefit-harm profiles, intensive control demonstrated an overall benefit across all risk tertiles.