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Gut-eye axis.

Weixin Zheng1,2, Mingzhi Su1,2, Ningxi Hong1,2

  • 1Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome influences eye health through the gut-eye axis. Research explores how gut bacteria impact ocular diseases, potentially leading to new diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Gut microbiotaGut-eye axisImmune dysregulationMicrobial-derived metabolitesOcular diseaseThe leaky gut

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health and immune system function.
  • Emerging research suggests a connection between the gut microbiome and distant organs, including the eye, potentially via immune pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the gut-eye axis.
  • To explore the link between the gut microbiome and ocular diseases.
  • To provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms for future ophthalmological interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing contemporary research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the gut microbiome's role in ocular health.
  • Elucidation of putative pathogenic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests correlations between the gut microbiome and various ocular disorders.
  • The gut-eye axis framework highlights potential links from ocular surface to fundus.
  • Gut dysbiosis may be implicated in the pathogenesis of eye conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome significantly impacts ocular health and disease.
  • Understanding the gut-eye axis can inform novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in ophthalmology.
  • This review aims to foster interdisciplinary research bridging gut microbiota and ocular well-being.