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Ethical principles across countries: does 'ethical' mean the same everywhere?

Agata Kaczmarek1,2, Agnieszka Żok3, Ewa Baum1

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Cross-cultural healthcare ethics reveal diverse interpretations of core principles like autonomy and justice. Understanding these differences is key to improving global patient care and medical practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Global Health
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Ethical principles are fundamental to healthcare globally.
  • Cultural and socio-political contexts significantly influence ethical principle interpretation and application.
  • Understanding cross-cultural variations is crucial for effective international healthcare practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and compare the understanding and implementation of four key ethical principles (non-maleficence, justice, autonomy, beneficence) in Poland, Ukraine, India, and Thailand.
  • To highlight differences and similarities in ethical principle application across diverse healthcare systems.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed database.
  • Included studies focused on the four core ethical principles within the selected countries.
  • A review of 16 papers on non-maleficence, 36 on justice, 79 on autonomy, and 16 on beneficence was performed.

Main Results:

  • The review identified various ethical dilemmas encountered in routine healthcare practices.
  • Commonalities and distinctions in the understanding and implementation of ethical principles were observed across the analyzed countries.
  • Specific findings varied for each principle, with autonomy having the most extensive literature.

Conclusions:

  • Ethical challenges in healthcare are addressed differently across diverse national contexts.
  • This comparative analysis provides insights into navigating ethical complexities in cross-cultural healthcare.
  • Understanding these nuances is vital for meeting the needs of both patients and healthcare professionals worldwide.