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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Cingulum bundle connectivity considering the double-layered cingulate cortex using diffusion-weighted MRI.

Sang-Han Choi1, Gangwon Jeong2, Young-Eun Hwang3

  • 1Neuroscience Convergence Center, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

Neuroimage. Reports
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals a double-layered structure within the cingulate bundle (CB) white matter pathways. This finding offers a refined model for understanding brain connectivity and the cingulate cortex

Keywords:
Cingulum bundleDouble-layered cingulate cortexParacingulate sulcusTractography

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • The cingulum bundle (CB) is a key white matter tract, traditionally viewed as a single structure surrounding the cingulate cortex.
  • The cingulate cortex itself exhibits functional and cytological subdivisions (anterior, middle, posterior) and can be anatomically divided into inner and outer layers.
  • Understanding the precise architecture of the CB is crucial for deciphering its role in cognitive functions and its connectivity with the cerebral cortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the detailed pathway of the cingulum bundle (CB) by considering the recently identified double-layered structure of the cingulate cortex.
  • To develop a novel model of CB connectivity that accounts for its double-layered anatomy.
  • To provide a more organized insight into the function of the CB and its relationship with the cerebral cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 7.0T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (n=32).
  • Employed FreeSurfer software for automatic parcellation of anatomical MR images into cortical subdivisions.
  • Applied MRtrix software for fiber tracking and extraction from seed positions within both inner and outer layers of the cingulate white matter (CWM).

Main Results:

  • Identified a double-layered cingulate cortex in 46.5% of the dorsal coronal sections, with significant individual variability in the outer layer.
  • Fiber tracking revealed distinct pathways: the inner-layered CB connects anterior and posterior brain regions, while the outer-layered CB connects to the superior brain areas.
  • Demonstrated differential connectivity patterns based on the inner and outer layers of the cingulate white matter.

Conclusions:

  • The cingulum bundle exhibits a more complex, double-layered structure than previously understood.
  • This double-layered anatomy supports distinct functional connectivity pathways within the CB, linking different cortical and subcortical regions.
  • A new CB connectivity model incorporating the double-layered cingulate cortex is proposed, enhancing our understanding of brain organization and function.