Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 18, 2025
05:44
Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice
Published on: October 13, 2023
1.6K
Comorbidity and cardiovascular risk factors in multiple sclerosis
Mahdi Barzegar1,2, Sara Samadzadeh3,4,5, Kosar Kohandel6
1Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Summary
Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently experience comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are common in this population, often linked to disability.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is often associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors.
- Investigating comorbidity prevalence in patients with MS (pwMS) is crucial for comprehensive care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of comorbidities, particularly CVD, in patients with multiple sclerosis.
- To assess the association between comorbidity, disability, and cardiovascular risk in pwMS.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective and prospective study of two MS cohorts (Tehran and Isfahan).
- Biomedical parameters measured, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR).
- 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) calculated for cardiovascular risk assessment.
Main Results:
- 38.4% of pwMS had at least one comorbidity; 11.3% had multiple comorbidities.
- Comorbidity prevalence increased with age and was associated with higher disability (EDSS ≥ 4).
- Metabolic syndrome (MetS) found in 13.7% and insulin resistance (IR) in 41.6% of assessed pwMS.
Conclusions:
- Patients with MS exhibit a high prevalence of comorbidities, linked to disability and elevated cardiovascular risk.
- Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance are frequently observed in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
69
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
69
01:27Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
82
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
82
01:22Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
71
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
71
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
42
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
42
01:27Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests
42
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
42
01:30Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
38
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
38