Renal tubular acidosis: Varied aetiologies and clinical presentations: Three case reports

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) refers to a group of kidney disorders characterized by defective acid excretion or bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to metabolic acidosis. This case series presents three cases of RTA with distinct etiologies and clinical manifestations. These cases emphasize the necessity of a comprehensive evaluation of RTA, considering both renal and systemic origins.

The first case describes a female patient with osteopetrosis-related RTA, diagnosed with Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome, emphasizing the importance of genetic assessment. The second case delineates RTA secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, associating tubular dysfunction with glomerular pathology. In the first two cases whole exome sequencing confirmed genetic diagnosis. The third case illuminates RTA as a complication of Graves' disease, highlighting autoimmune implications.

These cases underscore the interdisciplinary approach essential in RTA management. Understanding the diverse pathophysiology of RTA aids in tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.