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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
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Regulatory Myeloid-Cell Dynamics In Asthmatics During Pregnancy.

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    Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) show distinct pregnancy dynamics in asthmatic women. Their levels correlate with airway inflammation but not maternal-fetal tolerance markers, unlike in healthy pregnancies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Reproductive Immunology
    • Pulmonology

    Background:

    • Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory lung disease in pregnant women, with exacerbations impacting outcomes.
    • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key regulators of inflammation and maternal-fetal tolerance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between circulating MDSC subsets and indicators of airway inflammation and maternal-fetal tolerance in pregnant women with and without asthma.
    • To identify potential biomarkers for maternal-fetal tolerance in asthmatic pregnancies.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruitment of healthy pregnant (HP), asthmatic pregnant (AP), and well-controlled asthmatic pregnant (WCAP) women to the B-WELL Mom study.
    • Analysis of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets (granulocytic and monocytic).
    • Correlation analysis with clinical indicators: fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), soluble HLA-G, and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) activity.

    Main Results:

    • Granulocytic MDSCs (Gr-MDSCs) increased in early pregnancy and decreased in late pregnancy; monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) showed the reverse trend.
    • AP/WCAP women had a higher decline in Mo-MDSCs and a lower decline in Gr-MDSCs in late pregnancy compared to HP women.
    • In AP/WCAP, MDSC subsets correlated with each other and Gr-MDSCs correlated with FeNO (airway inflammation).
    • Soluble HLA-G and IDO activity (maternal-fetal tolerance markers) correlated with MDSCs only in HP women, not in AP/WCAP women.

    Conclusions:

    • Differential dynamics of MDSC subsets are observed in asthmatic pregnancies.
    • MDSC subset dynamics may serve as potential biomarkers for maternal-fetal tolerance in asthmatic pregnant women.
    • Asthma during pregnancy alters the relationship between MDSCs, airway inflammation, and maternal-fetal tolerance mechanisms.