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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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What is Organic Chemistry?02:17

What is Organic Chemistry?

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS
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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

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Hybrid Enabling Technologies for Organic Synthesis.

Upendra K Sharma1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.. sharmauk@umsl.edu.

Chimia
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hybrid-enabling technologies integrate diverse methods for efficient organic synthesis. Flow chemistry is key to sustainable production of biomolecules, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords:
AutomationBiocatalysisEnabling technologiesFlow electrochemistryFlow photochemistryHybrid technologiesPhotoelectrochemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Synthesis
  • Sustainable Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional organic synthesis faces challenges in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability.
  • There is a growing need for innovative synthetic approaches to address these limitations.
  • Hybrid-enabling technologies offer a promising solution by integrating multiple methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and emphasize the role of hybrid-enabling technologies in organic synthesis.
  • To highlight the potential of these technologies in achieving more efficient, selective, and sustainable chemical reactions.
  • To showcase the application of enabling methods, particularly flow chemistry, in producing valuable chemical compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of diverse methodologies, platforms, and technologies.
  • Combination of traditional synthetic methods with novel enabling techniques.
  • Focus on flow chemistry as a primary enabling method.

Main Results:

  • Development of innovative synthetic approaches.
  • Achievement of more efficient and selective chemical reactions.
  • Facilitation of sustainable production of key chemical products.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid-enabling technologies represent a significant advancement in organic synthesis.
  • The integration of enabling methods, especially flow chemistry, is crucial for sustainable chemical manufacturing.
  • These technologies pave the way for greener and more effective synthesis of biomolecules, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals.