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Related Concept Videos

Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

769
Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
122.1K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
934
Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

1.2K
The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
1.2K
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

402
Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
402
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

1.8K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
1.8K

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Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
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Fatal Potassium Thiocyanate Poisoning Presenting With Falsely Elevated Chloride Concentration.

Melissa A Pasquale-Styles1, Suzanne Doyon2, John Agboola3

  • 1Department of Forensic and Pathology, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Connecticut.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Potassium thiocyanate poisoning is rare but can be fatal. This case highlights its potential to cause severe neurological symptoms and falsely elevated serum chloride levels, emphasizing the need for awareness of this re-emerging toxin.

Keywords:
elevated chlorideforensic pathologypseudohyperchloremiathiocyanate

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Potassium thiocyanate, a formerly used antihypertensive, is an uncommon toxic agent.
  • Ingestion can lead to severe clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a fatal case of potassium thiocyanate poisoning.
  • To highlight its potential to cause pseudohyperchloremia and interfere with laboratory tests.
  • To raise awareness of thiocyanate as a re-emerging toxin.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 52-year-old male with suspected toxic ingestion.
  • Clinical evaluation including laboratory tests, endoscopy, and electroencephalograms.
  • Postmortem and antemortem toxicological analysis for thiocyanate and cyanide levels.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with altered mental status, vomiting, and seizures.
  • Laboratory tests revealed falsely elevated serum chloride and a negative anion gap.
  • Toxicology confirmed significant thiocyanate levels in antemortem and postmortem samples.
  • Autopsy showed hypoxic-ischemic brain changes, consistent with the patient's death.

Conclusions:

  • Potassium thiocyanate poisoning can be lethal and presents with neurological symptoms.
  • It can cause pseudohyperchloremia, complicating laboratory diagnostics.
  • Awareness of thiocyanate as a re-emerging toxin is crucial for clinicians and toxicologists.