Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

45.3K
Overview
45.3K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

332
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
332
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

207
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
207
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Individualized Therapy Guided by Drug Susceptibility Testing for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Lipid ligand binding and membrane interactions of a novel food-derived lipid transfer protein enhance basophil allergic responses.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Targeted next-generation sequencing implementation in Eswatini identifies rifampicin and bedaquiline resistance undetected by routine diagnostic testing.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Sex shapes CD64 expression and vaccine-induced monocytic responses.

Biology of sex differences·2026
Same author

CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells sustain vaccination-induced immunity against dissemination of contained tuberculosis in immunosuppressed hosts.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The impact of cytomegalovirus coinfection on tuberculosis in the mouse model.

BMC infectious diseases·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis
06:26

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis

Published on: July 28, 2023

2.4K

Sex Differences in Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Gishnu Harikumar Parvathy1, David Hertz1, Dhananjay Bhandiwad2,3

  • 1Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis vaccines show sex-specific efficacy. Recombinant vaccines, unlike BCG, improved protection in male mice, highlighting the need to consider sex differences in tuberculosis vaccine development.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisBCGmouse modelsex differencesvaccination

More Related Videos

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
06:38

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.1K
Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis
06:26

Author Spotlight: Optimizing CFU Determination for Efficient Assessment of TB Vaccine Efficacy and Antigen Presentation Analysis

Published on: July 28, 2023

2.4K
Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria
06:38

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

Published on: December 8, 2023

1.1K
Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat, causing over a million deaths yearly.
  • Males exhibit higher TB susceptibility, but sex-based immune differences impacting vaccine efficacy remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific efficacy of BCG and its recombinant derivatives (VPM1002, BCGΔBCG1419c) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
  • To explore immune responses in males and females following vaccination and Mtb challenge.

Main Methods:

  • C57BL/6 mice (male and female) were vaccinated with BCG, VPM1002, or BCGΔBCG1419c.
  • Vaccine efficacy was assessed by survival after challenge with Mtb HN878.
  • Immune responses, including CD8 T-cell and B-cell recall, and lung inflammation, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • All vaccines were comparably effective in female mice.
  • BCG failed to protect male mice against Mtb-induced death; recombinant vaccines improved male protection.
  • BCGΔBCG1419c vaccination in males enhanced CD8 T-cell and B-cell responses and reduced lung inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Sex significantly influences TB vaccine efficacy, with recombinant vaccines showing promise in males.
  • Future TB vaccine strategies must incorporate sex as a biological variable for optimized outcomes.