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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Method for Extracting Pigments from Squid Doryteuthis pealeii
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Gradient refractive indices enable squid structural color and inspire multispectral materials.

Georgii Bogdanov1, Aleksandra Anna Strzelecka1, Nikhil Kaimal1

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Squid use special cells with unique refractive index profiles to change color dynamically. This discovery inspires new tunable optical materials for camouflage and advanced technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics
  • Materials Science
  • Animal Coloration

Background:

  • Light manipulation using refractive index variations is common in nature and technology.
  • Understanding animal dynamic color change mechanisms for optical devices is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate squid iridophores' structural coloration mechanisms.
  • To develop tunable optical materials inspired by squid iridophores.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental and computational analysis of squid dorsal mantle tissues.
  • Design and development of multispectral composite materials.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that squid iridophores use Bragg reflectors with rugate refractive index profiles.
  • Showcased reversible transitions between transparent and colored states in squid tissues.
  • Developed iridophore-inspired materials with tunable visible and infrared functionalities.

Conclusions:

  • Squid dynamic structural coloration relies on specific refractive index profiles.
  • The study provides insights into biological optical mechanisms.
  • Developed materials offer potential for camouflage, thermal management, displays, and sensing.