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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Delivery of Antibodies into the Murine Brain via Convection-enhanced Delivery

Delivery of Antibodies into the Murine Brain via Convection-enhanced Delivery

Published on: July 18, 2019

A caged drug enables precision delivery.

Yuhao Xie¹, Zhe-Sheng Chen¹

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

GlycoCaging technology harnesses gut bacteria to activate specific medications for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This targeted approach aims to improve treatment efficacy and reduce side effects for IBD patients.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Pharmacology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, characterized by chronic gut inflammation.
Current IBD therapies often lack specificity, leading to systemic side effects and limited efficacy.
Targeted drug delivery remains a significant challenge in managing IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate GlycoCaging, a novel drug delivery system.
To demonstrate the ability of gut bacteria to activate therapeutic agents specifically within the inflamed gut environment.
To assess the potential of GlycoCaging for improved IBD treatment.

Main Methods:

Development of GlycoCaging prodrugs designed for bacterial enzymatic cleavage.
In vitro and in vivo models of gut inflammation were utilized.
Analysis of drug release kinetics and therapeutic efficacy in response to bacterial activation.

Main Results:

GlycoCaging prodrugs were effectively cleaved by specific gut bacteria.
Activated drugs demonstrated localized anti-inflammatory effects in IBD models.
The system showed enhanced therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional drug administration.

Conclusions:

GlycoCaging represents a promising strategy for targeted drug activation in the gut.
This bacterial-mediated approach offers a potential new avenue for IBD therapy.
Further research is warranted to translate GlycoCaging into clinical applications for inflammatory bowel disease.