A systematic literature review on employee well-being: Mapping multi-level antecedents, moderators, mediators and...

Employee well-being has garnered increasing attention for its critical role in driving key organizational outcomes such as productivity, job satisfaction, and retention. However, existing research remains fragmented, lacking a holistic understanding of its multi-level antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes. This study systematically examines the diverse factors shaping the relationship between employee well-being and organizational outcomes by employing an integrated framework of antecedents, mediators, moderators, and outcomes related to employee well-being as the guiding analytical structure. Through a rigorous synthesis of 102 peer-reviewed articles, this review evaluates the conceptualizations, measurement scales, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches employed in well-being research. The study makes three key contributions. First, it maps the definitional landscape, reviewing the predominant theoretical foundations and measurement approaches of employee well-being. Second, using this integrated framework, it develops an conceptual model that consolidates fragmented insights to enhance theoretical clarity and practical applicability. Third, it proposes a comprehensive research agenda, outlining critical gaps and future directions to advance both empirical research and theoretical development in the field of employee well-being.