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A useful data presentation tool: Ternary plots in forensic medicine.

S Potente1, F Ramsthaler1, J M Federspiel1

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, Saarland University, Medical School, Kirrberger Str., Geb. 49-1, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.

Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ternary plots offer an underutilized, information-dense method for presenting data in forensic medicine. This paper demonstrates their design and application, using "manner of death in custody" as a practical example.

Keywords:
Data visualizationDeath in custodyForensic medicineManner of deathTernary plots

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Medicine
  • Data Visualization
  • Medical Statistics

Background:

  • Ternary plots are triangle-shaped diagrams for displaying proportions of three categories.
  • Their application in medicine, especially forensic medicine, is currently underutilized.
  • Effective data presentation is crucial for accurate interpretation in forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ternary plots as a valuable data presentation method in forensic medicine.
  • To illustrate the practical application and interpretation of ternary plots.
  • To encourage wider adoption of ternary plots in medical and forensic research.

Main Methods:

  • Describing the principles of reading and designing ternary plots.
  • Providing template files for creating ternary plots.
  • Developing example diagrams using real-world forensic data.

Main Results:

  • Ternary plots effectively visualize the proportions of three variables in a compact format.
  • Demonstrated the utility of ternary plots for analyzing "manner of death in custody" data.
  • Provided practical insights into the design and interpretation of these plots.

Conclusions:

  • Ternary plots represent an underutilized yet powerful tool for data presentation in forensic medicine.
  • Their adoption can enhance the clarity and density of information in forensic reports.
  • Further exploration of ternary plots in diverse forensic applications is warranted.