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Persistent Cannabis Use and Ocular Health in Midlife.

Kirsten Cheyne1, Rachael L Niederer2, Antony Ambler1

  • 1Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

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Summary

Long-term cannabis use in adulthood did not harm eye health by midlife. However, persistent cannabis use was linked to a thicker ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, suggesting potential neuroprotection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cannabis use is increasing globally with legalization.
  • Acute ocular effects of cannabis are known, but long-term impacts remain unclear.
  • Understanding chronic cannabis use effects on eye health is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between persistent cannabis use throughout adulthood and ocular health measures in midlife.
  • To determine if long-term cannabis consumption impacts visual acuity and retinal vasculature.
  • To explore potential neuroprotective effects on the retinal ganglion cell layer.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 1,037 participants from the Dunedin Study cohort, followed since birth.
  • Cannabis use assessed via self-report from age 18 to 45.
  • Ocular health data collected at age 45, including visual acuity, retinal vessel caliber, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness.

Main Results:

  • Higher cannabis use correlated with poorer visual acuity and wider retinal arterioles/venules.
  • A thicker inferior hemifield of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer was observed with increased cannabis use.
  • After adjusting for tobacco smoking and socioeconomic status, associations with visual acuity and retinal vessels were non-significant, but the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer finding persisted.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent cannabis use shows no significant detrimental or beneficial effect on overall ocular health at age 45.
  • A thicker inferior ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in cannabis users suggests potential neuroprotective properties.
  • Further longitudinal assessment is needed to fully elucidate the long-term ocular neuroprotective relationship with sustained cannabis use.