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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

667
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments
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The microbiome-immune cell interaction network: Advancing tumor immunotherapy.

Wei Liu1, Zhou Lan1, Zhenzi Lin1

  • 1Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, China.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|June 26, 2025
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Summary

The tumor microbiome influences cancer immunotherapy effectiveness. Understanding microbiome-immune cell interactions offers new strategies for engineered bacteria in cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Engineered bacteriaImmune interactionsMicrobiomeTumor immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tumor immunotherapy shows promise but faces suboptimal patient response rates due to complex tumor factors.
  • The microbiome plays a critical role in tumor progression and immune regulation.
  • Microbial dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction allow microbiome infiltration into tumors, affecting the immune microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms of microbiome-immune cell interactions within tumors.
  • To explore the implications of these interactions for tumor immunotherapy.
  • To discuss external factors influencing these interactions and the potential of engineered bacteria in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microbiome-immune cell interactions in the tumor context.
  • Analysis of direct and indirect interaction mechanisms.
  • Exploration of external factors and engineered bacteria applications.

Main Results:

  • Microbiome interactions significantly reshape the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • These interactions modulate the host's anti-tumor immune response.
  • Engineered bacteria present a potential therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiome-immune cell interactions are crucial for tumor immunotherapy outcomes.
  • Targeting these interactions and utilizing engineered bacteria could enhance cancer treatment strategies.
  • Further research into the microbiome's role offers novel targets for cancer prevention and therapy.