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Sex effects on dynamic structure-function coupling of intrinsic brain network.

Xi Zhang1, Dandan Li1, Yuting Yuan1

  • 1College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science), Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79, Yingze West Street, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.

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Summary

This study reveals sex differences in dynamic brain connectivity. Females show stronger structure-function coupling in certain brain states, impacting cognitive performance.

Keywords:
Dynamic FCDynamic SC-FC couplingIntrinsic functional networkSex differences

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Connectivity
  • Sex Differences in Brain Function

Background:

  • Static structure-function coupling (SC-FC) differences between sexes are known.
  • The dynamic nature of the human brain's neural activity is not captured by static models.
  • Understanding sex influences on time-varying SC-FC coupling is crucial for brain organization insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in dynamic functional connectivity (FC) strength and SC-FC coupling.
  • To analyze these differences at the level of intrinsic functional networks.
  • To explore the relationship between dynamic SC-FC coupling and cognitive performance across sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a sliding window approach to construct dynamic FC networks.
  • Employed k-means clustering to identify hyper-connected and hypo-connected brain states.
  • Analyzed SC-FC coupling using two window sizes (50 TRs and 30 TRs).

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited higher whole-brain SC-FC coupling in the hyper-connected state, particularly in default mode network systems.
  • Females also showed higher FC strength and coupling in limbic/paralimbic and subcortical networks during the hypo-connected state.
  • Males displayed greater FC strength and coupling in somatosensory/motor and auditory networks in the hyper-connected state.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-specific patterns exist in dynamic SC-FC coupling across different brain states.
  • These patterns are correlated with cognitive performance, suggesting a neurodevelopmental basis for cognitive function.
  • This research offers novel insights into sex-related effects on brain dynamics and cognition.