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The Effect of Sodium Humate on Sheep In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Rumen Bacterial Community.

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Supplementing rumen fluid with sodium humate (SH) at 1 g/kg dry matter optimizes rumen fermentation. This improves bacterial crude protein and nutrient utilization by modulating the rumen microbial community, enhancing feed efficiency in ruminants.

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Area of Science:

  • Ruminant Nutrition
  • Microbiology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Rumen fermentation efficiency is crucial for nutrient utilization in ruminants.
  • Sodium humate (SH) is a potential feed additive for improving animal production.
  • Understanding the optimal SH supplementation level is necessary for its effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the optimal supplementation level of sodium humate (SH) for improving in vitro rumen fermentation efficiency.
  • To investigate the effects of SH on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial crude protein, and ammonia nitrogen concentration.
  • To analyze the impact of SH on the rumen bacterial community structure and its correlation with fermentation products.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro incubation of rumen fluid from donor ewes with a basal diet supplemented with SH at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg dry matter.
  • Measurement of gas production (GP), pH, bacterial crude protein (BCP), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at 12 and 24 hours.
  • Analysis of rumen bacterial community composition using 16S rRNA sequencing and correlation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Supplementation with 1 g/kg SH (SH1) significantly increased bacterial crude protein (BCP) and gas production (GP) compared to the control.
  • SH1 significantly reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, indicating improved nitrogen utilization.
  • SH supplementation altered rumen bacterial community structure, with increased Prevotella and Anaerovibrio, and decreased Actinobacteriota.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal supplementation level of sodium humate for enhancing rumen fermentation efficiency is 1 g/kg dry matter.
  • Sodium humate improves nutrient utilization by modulating the rumen bacterial community composition and function.
  • Sodium humate is an effective additive for improving rumen fermentation and feed utilization in ruminants.