Post-Earthquake PTSD and the Role of Telepsychiatry: A Six-Month Follow-Up Study After the 2023 Kahramanmaraş...

Background and Objectives: On 6 February 2023, two catastrophic earthquakes struck southeastern Türkiye, affecting over 13 million individuals and causing widespread destruction. While the physical damage was immediate, the psychological consequences-particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression-have proven long-lasting. This study aimed to evaluate the severity and course of PTSD symptoms among survivors and to examine the effectiveness of a telepsychiatry-based mental health intervention in a post-disaster setting. Materials and Methods: This naturalistic, observational study included 153 adult participants from the affected regions who underwent at least two telepsychiatry sessions between the first and sixth month post-disaster. Initial screening was conducted using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and individuals scoring ≥ 13 were further assessed with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Follow-up evaluations and pharmacological or psychoeducational interventions were offered as clinically indicated. Results: At the one-month follow-up, 94.4% of participants met the threshold for PTSD symptoms (PCL-C > 22) and 77.6% had severe depressive symptoms (BDI > 30). By the sixth month, PTSD symptoms had significantly decreased (mean PCL-C score reduced from 42.47 ± 12.22 to 33.02 ± 12.23, p < 0.001). Greater symptom reduction was associated with higher educational attainment and perceived social support, while prior trauma predicted poorer outcomes. Depression severity emerged as the strongest predictor of chronic PTSD. Conclusions: This study highlights the psychological burden following the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye and demonstrates the feasibility and potential effectiveness of telepsychiatry in disaster mental health care. Integrating digital mental health services into disaster response systems may help reach vulnerable populations and improve long-term psychological recovery.