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Analysis of Different Lithium Disilicate Ceramics According to Their Composition and Processing Technique-A
Rubén Guaita-Sáez1, Jose María Montiel-Company1, Rubén Agustín-Panadero1
1Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/Gascó Oliag n1, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) offer superior fracture resistance and minimal wear, making them ideal for dental restorations. Advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) shows increased roughness, while processing methods impact material properties.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Restorative Dentistry
Background:
- Lithium disilicate ceramics (LDSs) are prevalent in restorative dentistry due to their aesthetics and mechanics.
- Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) were developed to improve LDS properties.
- Comparative data on physical, optical, and processing influences (heat pressing vs. CAD-CAM) are limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate and compare the physical and aesthetic properties of LDS, ZLS, and ALD ceramics.
- To investigate the impact of processing techniques (heat pressing and CAD-CAM) on these ceramic materials.
- To synthesize existing evidence through a meta-analysis to guide clinical material selection.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Literature search across major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Scielo) for studies within the last ten years.
- Inclusion of in vitro studies with quantitative data on mechanical and aesthetic properties; random-effects model for meta-analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant variations observed in flexural strength, hardness, surface roughness, wear, and translucency among LDS, ZLS, and ALD.
- Processing technique significantly influenced material properties; CAD-CAM enhanced flexural strength, while heat pressing improved hardness and reduced roughness.
- Lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) demonstrated the highest fracture resistance and least wear, whereas ALD exhibited greater roughness depth.
Conclusions:
- Lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) exhibit superior mechanical performance, particularly fracture resistance and wear resistance, making them a preferred choice for dental restorations.
- Processing methods critically affect the physical and aesthetic outcomes of dental ceramics, necessitating careful consideration in clinical application.
- Further research may be needed to fully elucidate the long-term clinical performance and optimal application protocols for ZLS and ALD materials.
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