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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Behavioral Determination of Stimulus Pair Discrimination of Auditory Acoustic and Electrical Stimuli Using a Classical Conditioning and Heart-rate Approach
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A Novel Audio-Perception-Based Algorithm for Physiological Monitoring.

Zixuan Zhang1, Wenxuan Jin2, Dejiao Huang1

  • 1College of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.

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|June 27, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces an in-ear microphone system for real-time physiological monitoring. It accurately measures heart rate and respiration using advanced signal processing, enhancing health assessment.

Keywords:
BiLSTMNMFaudio perceptionrespiratory monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiological Monitoring
  • Wearable Technology

Background:

  • Accurate, real-time exercise metrics like heart rate and respiration are crucial for health assessment.
  • Current methods for continuous physiological monitoring face challenges in accessibility and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel physiological monitoring system utilizing an in-ear microphone.
  • To extract heart rate and respiration signals from subtle ear canal acoustic data.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an improved non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm combined with short-time Fourier transform (STFT) for signal separation.
  • Utilized inverse Fourier transform (IFT) for signal reconstruction and analyzed earplug effect for signal enhancement.
  • Derived heart rate from energy and zero-crossing rates; employed a BiLSTM model for breathing phase refinement and respiratory rate calculation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average accuracy of 91% for physiological measurements under diverse experimental conditions.
  • Demonstrated consistent accuracy exceeding 90% across various environments and subject weights, indicating system robustness.
  • The in-ear approach effectively enhanced low-frequency components, improving signal quality and noise immunity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed in-ear physiological monitoring system offers a robust and accurate method for real-time heart rate and respiration measurement.
  • This technology has the potential to significantly advance wearable health assessment tools.
  • The system's performance across different conditions highlights its practical applicability in diverse settings.