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Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions
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Multi-Variant Damage Assessment in Composite Materials Using Acoustic Emission.

Matthew Gee1, Sanaz Roshanmanesh1, Farzad Hayati1

  • 1School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new acoustic emission (AE) method for real-time damage detection in fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs). The advanced technique identifies five distinct damage types, enabling earlier and more accurate structural health assessments.

Keywords:
DBSCANFourier transformacoustic emissiondigital signal processingfibre-reinforced polymersk-meansmulti-variantstructural health monitoringwavelet transform

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Structural Health Monitoring
  • Non-Destructive Testing

Background:

  • Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) offer excellent mechanical properties but exhibit complex damage mechanisms.
  • Conventional inspection methods struggle to detect diverse and simultaneous damage modes in anisotropic FRPs.
  • Acoustic emission (AE) techniques show promise for structural health monitoring but require advanced analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel, real-time methodology for characterising and quantitatively assessing damage in FRPs using AE.
  • To differentiate and identify multiple, co-occurring damage mechanisms in carbon fibre composites.
  • To improve the early detection and assessment of critical damage events for enhanced structural integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a multi-variant frequency assessment of acoustic emission (AE) signals.
  • Application of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to analyze multiple frequency peaks within AE data.
  • Comparative analysis with wavelet transform methods for validation and performance benchmarking.

Main Results:

  • Successful identification of five distinct damage mechanisms in carbon fibre composites based on specific frequency ranges: matrix cracking (100-200 kHz), delamination (205-265 kHz), debonding (270-320 kHz), fibre fracture (330-385 kHz), and fibre pullout (395-490 kHz).
  • Demonstrated earlier detection of critical damage, with delamination identified approximately 28 seconds sooner compared to conventional techniques.
  • Provided a more accurate quantitative assessment of structural health in FRPs.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multi-variant frequency assessment methodology offers a significant advancement in AE-based damage detection for FRPs.
  • This technique enables timely identification and characterization of multiple damage modes, crucial for structural integrity.
  • The findings facilitate proactive maintenance for large-scale FRP structures, improving reliability and reducing operational costs.