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Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
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Design and Development of a Precision Spraying Control System for Orchards Based on Machine Vision Detection.

Yu Luo1, Xiaoli He1, Hanwen Shi1

  • 1School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, China.

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|June 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a machine vision system for precision orchard spraying, significantly reducing pesticide use and environmental impact. The innovative fuzzy adaptive control system enhances pesticide utilization efficiency in agricultural applications.

Keywords:
ESO fuzzy adaptive controlmachine visionpesticide spray volumeprecision spraying

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Computer Vision
  • Control Systems

Background:

  • Traditional pesticide application in orchards is inefficient and environmentally harmful due to subjective judgment.
  • There is a growing need for precision spraying technologies to optimize resource use in orchard management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a machine vision-based precision spraying control system for orchards.
  • To improve pesticide application efficiency and reduce environmental pollution in orchard production.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a canopy leaf wall area calculation using a multi-iteration GrabCut image segmentation algorithm.
  • Established a spray volume calculation model and proposed a fuzzy adaptive control algorithm with an extended state observer (ESO).
  • Designed flow and pressure controllers and conducted laboratory and field performance tests on citrus trees.

Main Results:

  • The system reduced spray volume by up to 59.73% compared to continuous spraying and 30.24% compared to PID control.
  • Pesticide utilization efficiency increased by up to 61.42% compared to continuous spraying and 26.8% compared to PID control.
  • Demonstrated significant reductions in spray volume and increases in efficiency compared to traditional and PID control methods.

Conclusions:

  • The machine vision-based precision spraying system offers a novel technical approach for efficient and environmentally friendly orchard management.
  • The developed system enhances agricultural production efficiency, fruit quality, and promotes environmental protection.
  • The study highlights the significant application value of intelligent control systems in modern agriculture.