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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

360
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Synthesis and Characterization of mRNA-Loaded PolyBeta Aminoesters Nanoparticles for Vaccination Purposes
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mRNA Vaccine Technology Beyond COVID-19.

Sola Oloruntimehin1,2, Florence Akinyi2,3, Michael Paul2,4

  • 1Molecular Virology Laboratory, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov), 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Vaccines
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines show great promise for treating various diseases, including cancers and infections. Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate significant advancements, but further research is crucial for understanding long-term benefits and effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has emerged as a significant therapeutic approach since early 2020, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • This platform offers potential applications beyond infectious diseases, extending to other medical areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of mRNA vaccine technology.
  • To explore the application of mRNA vaccines against diseases other than COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Searched clinicaltrial.gov and company websites for ongoing clinical trials.
  • Accessed NCBI databases for recent articles, clinical trial reports, innovative mRNA vaccine designs, and reviews.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in mRNA vaccine design and technology has been observed.
  • Hundreds of ongoing clinical trials target various cancers, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders, indicating technological advancement.
  • mRNA vaccines show potential therapeutic advantages over traditional platforms, especially for cancer treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Many ongoing clinical trials report positive outcomes, with several reaching Phase III.
  • Some trials have been terminated or withdrawn, necessitating further investigation.
  • Continued research and critical evaluation are essential to understand the immunological benefits and long-term effects of mRNA innovations.