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Phase-Inversion In Situ Systems: Problems and Prospects of Biomedical Application.

Elena O Bakhrushina1, Svetlana A Titova1, Polina S Sakharova1

  • 1I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phase-inversion drug delivery systems offer enhanced stability and stimuli-responsiveness but require further standardization. This review identifies challenges and provides recommendations for advancing these promising pharmaceutical formulations.

Keywords:
PLGAgelsin situ implantphase-inversion systemsolvent exchange

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Stimuli-sensitive (in situ) drug delivery systems are rapidly advancing, with research doubling in the past decade.
  • Phase-inversion (phase-sensitive) formulations, though early concepts, offer significant advantages like enhanced stability and stimuli-responsiveness.
  • Despite patented technologies, phase-inversion systems remain understudied due to a lack of unified development and standardization approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review polymers and solvents used in phase-inversion compositions.
  • To explore the potential of incorporating additional excipients to tailor physicochemical properties.
  • To identify challenges and propose recommendations for the clinical adoption of phase-inversion drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of phase-inversion systems.
  • Analysis of clinical studies (past 25 years) and indexed research (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar).
  • Examination of commonly used polymers (polylactide-co-glycolide, shellac, polylactic acid) and solvents (N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide).

Main Results:

  • Polylactide-co-glycolide, shellac, and polylactic acid are key polymers; N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide are prevalent solvents.
  • Lack of standardized development protocols significantly hinders clinical translation of novel phase-inversion drugs.
  • Identified key issues impeding broader clinical application of these advanced drug delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Phase-inversion systems represent a promising avenue for stimuli-sensitive drug delivery.
  • Standardization and further research into excipient compatibility are crucial for overcoming current limitations.
  • Recommendations are provided to guide future development and facilitate clinical implementation.