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Alginate Microencapsulation as a Tool to Improve Biostimulant Activity Against Water Deficits.

David Jiménez-Arias1,2,3, Sarai Morales-Sierra4, Ana L García-García5

  • 1Departamento de Producción Vegetal en Zonas Tropicales y Subtropicales, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Finca "Isamar", Ctra. de El Boquerón s/n, Valle Guerra, 38270 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.

Polymers
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Encapsulating pyroglutamic acid in alginate microcapsules enhances plant drought tolerance. This novel approach improves crop resilience to water stress, crucial for climate-resilient agriculture.

Keywords:
alginate microcapsulesbiostimulantswater deficit stress

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Climate change negatively impacts agricultural productivity, with altered weather patterns and extreme events threatening crop yields.
  • Biostimulants, such as pyroglutamic acid, can improve plant water stress tolerance, but their soil degradation limits efficacy.
  • Alginate encapsulation offers a method for protecting biostimulants and enabling controlled release, potentially overcoming degradation issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of encapsulated pyroglutamic acid in enhancing drought tolerance in plants.
  • To compare two distinct alginate microcapsule generation methods: ionic gelation and electrospray.
  • To assess the impact of encapsulation on biostimulant uptake, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Alginate microcapsules containing pyroglutamic acid were prepared using ionic gelation (Nisco® system) and electrospray techniques.
  • The effectiveness of encapsulated pyroglutamic acid was evaluated on tomato and maize plants under drought stress conditions.
  • Key physiological parameters, including water use efficiency and photosynthetic performance, were measured.

Main Results:

  • Encapsulated pyroglutamic acid significantly improved drought tolerance in both tomato and maize plants.
  • The encapsulation strategy allowed for a tenfold reduction in effective concentration while enhancing plant stress resilience.
  • Improved water use efficiency and photosynthetic performance were observed in plants treated with encapsulated pyroglutamic acid.

Conclusions:

  • Alginate-based encapsulation is a highly effective strategy for increasing the uptake and efficacy of pyroglutamic acid.
  • This approach offers a novel and efficient method for mitigating water stress in crops, contributing to climate-resilient agriculture.
  • The study highlights the potential of microencapsulation technology to enhance biostimulant performance and address agricultural challenges posed by climate change.