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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Engineering Atomic-Step Architectures in 2D WSe2 through Kinetic Modulation for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in PEM

Xingchen Zhang1, Dongfang Zhang1, Dingyi Zhou1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing efficient, non-precious catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial. This study engineered stepped tungsten diselenide (WSe2) achieving high HER performance for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers.

Keywords:
atomic stepschemical vapor depositionelectrocatalysishydrogen evolution reactiontransition metal disulfide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Platinum-based catalysts dominate hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, but their cost and scarcity necessitate alternatives.
  • Tungsten-based transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), like WSe2, are promising non-precious catalysts but require performance enhancement.
  • The catalytic activity of TMDs is primarily attributed to their edge sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the catalytic efficiency of WSe2 for HER by engineering abundant atomic steps.
  • To investigate the performance of engineered WSe2 in practical PEM electrolyzers.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the enhanced activity using theoretical calculations.

Main Methods:

  • A kinetically-driven selenization process was employed to precisely control the formation of atomic steps on WSe2.
  • Electrochemical performance was evaluated using overpotential and Tafel slope measurements.
  • Long-term stability was tested in a PEM electrolyzer setup.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were used to analyze hydrogen adsorption energetics.

Main Results:

  • Engineered stepped WSe2 achieved a low overpotential of 97 mV at 100 mA/cm2 with a Tafel slope of 38.69 mV/dec.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent practicality in PEM electrolyzers, reaching 1000 mA/cm2 at 1.82 V and showing stable operation for 200 hours.
  • DFT calculations indicated that atomic steps lead to near-thermoneutral hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy, explaining the superior activity.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic-scale edge structure engineering, specifically creating atomic steps, significantly boosts WSe2's HER catalytic efficiency.
  • The developed stepped WSe2 presents a viable, high-performance, non-precious alternative for PEM electrolyzer technologies.
  • This approach offers a pathway for designing advanced electrocatalysts by controlling edge site morphology.