Correlation of Gastroduodenoscopic Findings With Histopathological Diagnosis of Gastroduodenal Biopsy

Background Endoscopic biopsies, which are performed for the diagnosis of gastric and duodenal lesions, are not pathognomonic and require histopathological confirmation. The aim of the present study was to determine the morphological spectrum of gastroduodenal lesions on histology and to find out the association between endoscopic and histopathological diagnosis. Methods This was a prospective observational study carried out at the department of pathology of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in northern India. Clinical details and endoscopic findings of all subjects were noted. The biopsies were obtained in 10% formalin and processed as per standard paraffin embedding techniques. Written informed consent from the participant and approval from the institutional ethics committee were obtained. SPSS software version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA) was used for the analysis of results. Pearson's chi-square tests and Fisher's exact two-tailed test were used to compare the category variables. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value < 0.05. Results A total of 102 gastroduodenoscopic biopsies were assessed. Fifty-seven were gastric and 45 were duodenal biopsies. In gastric biopsies, out of 39 benign and eight malignant lesions diagnosed by endoscopy, 25 were confirmed by histopathology as benign and seven as malignant. In duodenal biopsies, out of 17 benign lesions and four malignant lesions diagnosed by endoscopy, 14 were confirmed by histopathology as benign and three as malignant. Conclusion Although we can rely on the gastroduodenoscopy to an acceptable extent in diagnosing malignant and benign lesions of the gastric and duodenal lesions, endoscopic observations alone are insufficient for definitive diagnosis of most of the lesions. The study suggests that all the findings of endoscopy should be combined with histopathological analysis to diagnose the gastric and duodenal lesions accurately.