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Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
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Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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Longitudinal Associations between Parenting Practices and Children's Later Decision-Making Competence.

Joshua Weller1, Andrew Parker2, Maureen Reynolds3

  • 1Centre for Decision Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

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|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Parenting styles influence adult decision-making. Specifically, higher psychological control in childhood was linked to poorer decision-making competence (DMC) in young adulthood, even considering other factors.

Keywords:
Decision-Making Competencedecision-makingparental monitoringparenting practicespsychological control

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Parenting practices are known to influence children's behavioral development.
  • Limited research explores the link between parenting and adult decision-making skills.
  • Understanding this connection is crucial for interventions targeting risk behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how specific parenting practices in childhood predict decision-making competence (DMC) in young adulthood.
  • To examine the long-term impact of monitoring/involvement, firm/lax control, and psychological control on decision-making skills.
  • To analyze these relationships within a diverse sample, including children with parental substance use disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design tracking children from ages 10-14 to 19.
  • Child-report measures of parenting practices (monitoring/involvement, firm/lax control, psychological control).
  • Assessment of decision-making competence (DMC) at age 19.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for neighborhood disadvantage and parental substance use disorder (SUD) status.

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of psychological control reported by children predicted lower DMC performance at age 19.
  • This association remained significant after controlling for other parenting variables, neighborhood disadvantage, and parental SUD status.
  • Monitoring/involvement and firm/lax control did not significantly predict DMC in this study.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological control during childhood may negatively impact the development of decision-making skills.
  • These findings suggest that psychological control might impair self-regulatory capabilities essential for competent decision-making.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms linking parenting to decision-making competence.