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Hospitalisations With Cryoglobulin-Related Diseases in Spain Over 25 Years
Mario Martín-Portugués1, Jorge Esteban-Sampedro1, Carmen de Mendoza1
1Internal Medicine Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHIM), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have significantly reduced cryoglobulinemia hospitalizations in Spain. Consequently, other causes like hepatitis B virus (HBV), hematologic, and autoimmune diseases are now more prominent in cryoglobulinemia cases.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Hepatology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Cryoglobulinemia epidemiology in Spain has shifted due to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) since 2015.
- HCV is the primary cause of mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the epidemiological changes in cryoglobulinemia hospitalizations in Spain.
- To assess the impact of DAAs on cryoglobulinemia causes.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions for cryoglobulinemic disease in Spain (1997-2022).
- Examination of primary conditions associated with cryoglobulinemia: viral infections, hematologic diseases (HD), and autoimmune diseases (AD).
Main Results:
- Total of 16,929 admissions for cryoglobulinemic disease.
- Hospitalization rates increased until 2015, then decreased significantly post-2018 (APC = -7).
- HCV prevalence drastically changed, correlating with hospitalization trends. Cases associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV), paraproteinemias, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis increased.
Conclusions:
- DAA treatment for HCV has led to a marked decrease in cryoglobulinemia hospitalizations.
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hematologic, and autoimmune diseases are increasingly significant causes of cryoglobulinemia-related hospitalizations.
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