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Preparation and Characterization of PVA/PVP/CS Bionic Hydrogels.

Ziyan Zheng1, Shanhua Qian1,2, Sen Liu1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and chitosan (CS) to mimic oral soft tissue. The resulting PVA/PVP/CS hydrogels exhibit improved mechanical, lubrication, and biocompatibility properties for oral applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels possess biomimetic properties but differ significantly from natural oral soft tissues in mechanical and surface characteristics within simulated oral environments.
  • Developing enhanced PVA hydrogels is crucial for creating effective oral substitutes that accurately mimic native tissue properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel composite hydrogel based on PVA, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and chitosan (CS) with properties suitable for simulating oral soft tissue.
  • To investigate the effects of a specific preparation strategy on the surface, mechanical, lubrication, and biocompatibility characteristics of the modified PVA hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of PVA/PVP (APV) hydrogels via solvent exchange using DMSO, followed by cross-linking with chitosan (CS) to form PVA/PVP/CS (PPC) composite hydrogels.
  • Comprehensive evaluation of APV and PPC hydrogels, including tensile strength, compression modulus, surface wettability (water contact angle), lubrication performance (friction coefficient), and in vitro biocompatibility (cell viability).

Main Results:

  • Solvent exchange with DMSO enhanced the cross-linking density of PVA and PVP, with a PVA/PVP ratio of 3:1 yielding optimal tensile properties in APV hydrogels.
  • PPC hydrogels demonstrated a 212% increase in compression modulus compared to PVA hydrogels, closely matching human tongue tissue.
  • PPC hydrogels exhibited significantly improved superhydrophilicity (water contact angle of 27.07° for PPC2) and lubrication (62% reduction in friction coefficient for PPC2 vs. APV), maintaining stability in simulated oral conditions.
  • PPC hydrogels showed enhanced biocompatibility, with a MC3T3-E1 cell survival rate of 96.18% in PPC extract after 48 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The developed preparation strategy effectively enhances the comprehensive properties of PVA hydrogels, particularly mechanical strength, lubrication, and surface characteristics, without compromising biocompatibility.
  • The bionic PVA/PVP/CS composite hydrogels show significant promise as advanced materials for oral substitute applications, offering valuable insights for future biomaterial development.