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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

384
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
384
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

778
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
778
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

2.1K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
2.1K

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Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts
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The Use of Flocculation as a Preconcentration Step in the Microalgae Harvesting Process.

Zivan Gojkovic1,2, Aleksandra Skrobonja2, Vuk Radojicic2

  • 1Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.

Physiologia Plantarum
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Flocculation, a key separation method, shows promise for reducing microalgae harvesting costs. Optimizing flocculant use before centrifugation is crucial for efficient, large-scale microalgal biomass production.

Keywords:
biological flocculantsbiomass recoverychemical flocculantsmicroalgae harvestingpilot‐scale flocculation

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid Chemistry
  • Chemical Industry
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microalgal biomass production faces high harvesting costs, with biomass separation comprising up to one-third of total expenses.
  • Flocculation is a standard separation technique but underutilized in microalgae production.
  • Flocculants offer a potential solution to reduce harvesting costs in microalgae cultivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microalgal flocculation as a pre-centrifugation strategy.
  • To highlight the potential of flocculation in reducing costs for large-scale microalgae production.
  • To outline future perspectives for cost-effective microalgal biomass generation.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory-scale flocculation studies to optimize dosage and assess strain-specific efficiencies.
  • Pilot-scale flocculation trials preceding centrifugation to evaluate flocculant-strain combinations.
  • Review of existing literature on microalgal flocculation with diverse chemical flocculants.

Main Results:

  • Laboratory-scale flocculation is effective for optimizing parameters and evaluating strain compatibility.
  • Pilot-scale studies provide crucial data on yield and biomass quality when flocculation precedes centrifugation.
  • Numerous studies demonstrate the feasibility of various flocculants for different microalgal strains.

Conclusions:

  • Flocculation is a viable pre-treatment strategy to enhance microalgal harvesting efficiency.
  • Further research and optimization are needed for cost-effective, large-scale microalgal biomass production.
  • Microalgal flocculation holds significant potential for making microalgae a globally viable resource.