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Epidemiological Trends and CD4+T Cell Recovery in HIV-1 Patients With HCV/HBV Co-Infection: A Retrospective Cohort
Xianwu Pang1, Qin He1, Jinghua Huang1
1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Major Infectious Disease Prevention and Control and Biosafety Emergency Response, Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Control and Achievement Transformation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
Insights
HIV/HCV co-infection decreased in Southwest China, while HIV/HBV remains common. Co-infection negatively impacts immune recovery in HIV patients, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups like intravenous drug users.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Co-infection with HIV and viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV) increases disease severity and complicates treatment.
- Limited epidemiological data exists for HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection in Southwest China, a high-burden area.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and trends of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection in Guangxi, China.
- To identify risk factors associated with co-infection and analyze its impact on immune recovery (CD4+ T-cell count).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 146,537 HIV-1 infected individuals in Guangxi (2003-2024).
- Comparison of co-infection prevalence and risk factors between periods before and after 2013.
- Logistic regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Overall prevalence: 5.41% for HIV/HCV and 9.92% for HIV/HBV.
- HIV/HCV co-infection significantly declined post-2013 (9.69% to 3.03%), particularly in sexually transmitted cases.
- HIV/HBV co-infection remained stable; intravenous drug use, low education, and age 30-49 were key risk factors.
- Co-infected patients exhibited poorer CD4+ T-cell recovery, especially those with HIV/HCV.
Conclusions:
- HIV/HCV co-infection has decreased in Guangxi, but HIV/HBV remains prevalent.
- Co-infection adversely affects immune reconstitution in HIV patients.
- Targeted prevention and early treatment strategies are crucial, especially for high-risk populations like intravenous drug users.
Abstract:
Co-infection with HIV and chronic viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) contributes to increased morbidity and complicates treatment outcomes. However, in Southwest China, a high-burden region epidemiological data on HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection remain limited. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 146 537 HIV-1 infected individuals in Guangxi from 2003 to 2024. We compared co-infection prevalence and risk factors in two time periods (before 2013 and after 2013). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for co-infection. CD4 + T cell recovery was analyzed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The overall prevalence of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infection was 5.41% and 9.92%, respectively. HIV/HCV co-infection significantly declined from 9.69% before 2013% to 3.03% after 2013, especially among sexually transmitted cases. HIV/HBV co-infection remained relatively stable. Intravenous drug users (IDU), low education level, and age 30-49 years were major risk factors. Coinfected patients showed poorer CD4 + T cell recovery, especially those with HIV/HCV. HIV/HCV co-infection has decreased over time in Guangxi, while HIV/HBV remains prevalent. Co-infection negatively impacts immune recovery. Targeted prevention and early treatment strategies are needed, especially for high-risk populations such as IDUs.
