Two new compounds from euphorbia fischeriana steud. and their antitumor activity

Extraction from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud roots yielded twelve compounds, including two novel compounds 1 (15,16-dihydroxy-ent-abieta-8,11,13-triene) and 2 (methyl-12,14-dimethoxy-8-((5R,8R,9S,10R)-9-methoxy-4,4,10-trimethyldecahydronaphthalen-8yl)benzoate) along with ten previously documented compounds (3-12). Spectral analyses (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS) enabled the determination of their structural frameworks, supported by validation against published literature data. When tested in vitro, these compounds exhibited distinct potencies in suppressing the growth of Hela, HepG2, MCF-7 and C2C12 cells. Notably, compound 3 exerted significant inhibitory effects on all tested cell lines, showing IC₅₀ values between 5.53 and 21.28 μM. Further analysis indicated that compound 3 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells by modulating the protein expression, specifically by reducing Bcl-2 and enhancing Bax levels.