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Fault Types

Fault Types

When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...

Primary Distribution

Primary Distribution

Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.

Signal Flow Graphs

Signal Flow Graphs

Signal-flow graphs offer a streamlined and intuitive approach to representing control systems, providing an alternative to traditional block diagrams. These graphs use branches to symbolize systems and nodes to represent signals, effectively illustrating the relationships and interactions within the system.
In a signal-flow graph, branches denote the system's transfer functions, while nodes represent the signals. The direction of signal flow is indicated by arrows, with the corresponding...

Bus Impedance Matrix

Bus Impedance Matrix

Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...

Circuit Terminology

Circuit Terminology

An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.

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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

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Published on: June 13, 2025

Correction: Research on distribution network fault processing technology based on knowledge of graph.

Qiang Li, Feng Zhao, Li Zhuang

|June 27, 2025

Summary

This study corrects a previously published article. The correction ensures the accuracy of the scientific record and aids future research.

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Area of Science:

Scientific Publishing
Article Corrections
Scholarly Communication

Context:

Ensuring the integrity of scientific literature is paramount.
Accurate citation and referencing are crucial for research reproducibility.
The scientific community relies on precise metadata for discovery.

Purpose:

To provide a correction notice for a specific scientific article.
To amend the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for accurate referencing.
To maintain the fidelity of the scientific record.

Summary:

This notice serves as a correction to the article with DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0295421.
The correction ensures the DOI is accurately associated with the published work.
This action upholds the standards of scientific publication.

Impact:

Facilitates accurate retrieval and citation of the corrected article.
Enhances the reliability of scientific databases and literature searches.
Supports the ongoing process of scientific knowledge dissemination and verification.