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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
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Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Fully Independent Response in Disordered Solids.

Mengjie Zu1, Aayush Desai1, Carl P Goodrich1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.

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|June 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers quantified independent response in disordered solids, revealing fully independent mechanical properties. This breakthrough enables precise tuning and prediction of material characteristics for inverse design applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Tracing emergent properties of amorphous solids to their structure is challenging.
  • Disordered spring networks allow tuning of properties like elastic constants via structural alterations.
  • The concept of independent bond-level response has been observed but not generally formalized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formalize and quantify independent response in disordered solids.
  • To introduce and validate the notion of fully independent response.
  • To enable and predict inverse design of material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Linearizing simultaneous changes in multiple emergent features to quantify independent response.
  • Introducing and analyzing the concept of fully independent response.
  • Correlating feature susceptibility to parameter changes with tunability.

Main Results:

  • Disordered solids exhibit fully independent mechanical properties across diverse scenarios.
  • The developed formulation quantifies feature susceptibility and maximum linear tunability.
  • Implications for multifeature inverse design beyond the linear regime were demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The study formalizes a key difference between ordered and disordered solids.
  • A practical framework for understanding and performing inverse design in amorphous materials is provided.
  • This work advances the predictive capability for designing materials with targeted properties.