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Atopic dermatitis epidemiological research methodology: a global scoping review.

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Epidemiological studies on atopic dermatitis show varied methodologies, impacting global burden comparisons. Future research needs standardized approaches and wider geographical data to improve understanding of this common skin disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a significant global health burden among skin diseases.
  • Existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses face challenges due to methodological heterogeneity in epidemiological studies.
  • A comprehensive review of current methodologies is crucial for a better understanding of AD's burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review identifying and mapping research methodologies in population-based atopic dermatitis epidemiological studies.
  • To analyze case definitions, severity assessment methods, frequency measures, and socio-demographic factors in AD research.
  • To highlight gaps and inconsistencies in current AD epidemiological research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search from January 2023 to July 2024, including original, population-based studies on AD prevalence/incidence.
  • Duplicate, blinded abstract screening and data extraction.
  • Descriptive analyses stratified by geographic region and age group, presented visually.

Main Results:

  • 111 studies from 48 countries were included, revealing significant heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria (physician diagnosis 69%, validated questionnaires 13%).
  • Only 17% of studies reported on AD severity distribution.
  • Underrepresentation of studies from South-East Asian (4%) and African (3%) regions was noted.

Conclusions:

  • Population-based epidemiological studies on atopic dermatitis exhibit high heterogeneity, hindering cross-study comparisons.
  • Standardization of research methodologies is essential for future AD burden assessments.
  • Addressing geographical disparities in data collection is critical for a comprehensive global understanding of atopic dermatitis.