Rare antenatal diagnosis of an umbilical cord hemangioma: A case report

Umbilical cord hemangiomas are extremely rare benign vascular tumors with poorly defined clinical implications. Early antenatal diagnosis through ultrasound and Doppler imaging is possible but remains challenging. Due to their rarity and variable ultrasound features, individualized monitoring and management are critical for favorable outcomes.

We report a case of a distal umbilical cord hemangioma diagnosed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Serial ultrasound monitoring revealed progressive growth of the mass without fetal compromise. The patient underwent close ultrasound surveillance, and an elective cesarean section was performed at 38 weeks of gestation, resulting in the delivery of a healthy newborn. Postnatal histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of umbilical cord hemangioma associated with cystic degeneration of Wharton's jelly.

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with umbilical cord hemangiomas, given their rarity and variable ultrasound characteristics. The differential diagnosis includes other cord masses such as teratomas and hematomas. Despite the absence of standardized guidelines, early detection and vigilant ultrasound surveillance-including Doppler evaluation of the umbilical vessels-are essential to ensure fetal well-being. Histological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis. In this case, a multidisciplinary approach and careful management contributed to favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes.

This case demonstrates that, despite the rarity and unpredictable nature of umbilical cord hemangiomas, favorable outcomes can be achieved with early detection, close antenatal monitoring, and individualized delivery planning. A multidisciplinary team approach is vital to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.