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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

50
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
50
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

45
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
45
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

48
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
48
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

64
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
64
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

60
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
60
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

34
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
34

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
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Mitral Annular Disruptions.

Rachel L Goldberg1, Eric Isselbacher1, Sean P Murphy2

  • 1Cardiovascular Disease Division, Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

JACC. Case Reports
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral annular disruption, often caused by infection or valve replacement, is challenging to diagnose. Multimodality cardiac imaging is crucial for identifying these rare but serious cardiac defects.

Keywords:
endocarditismitral valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Imaging
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Mitral annular disruption is an emerging clinical concern.
  • Common causes include infective endocarditis and mitral valve replacement procedures, particularly with mitral annular calcification.

Observation:

  • A case series details four patients with mitral annular disruption across distinct clinical scenarios.
  • Multimodality imaging was essential for diagnosing each case.

Findings:

  • These defects are frequently missed on transthoracic imaging.
  • Transesophageal echocardiography interpretation is challenging due to unique flow patterns and unfamiliarity with the defect.

Implications:

  • Diagnosis requires a high index of clinical suspicion.
  • Careful multimodality cardiac imaging is vital for accurate detection and management.
  • Improved echocardiographer awareness of mitral annular disruption is needed.